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Old 09-18-2007, 06:34 PM   #1
atlanta318ti
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Talking Backpressure Myth (from UUC Motorwerks)

I found the article below on UUC Motorwerks page and considering all the folks talking about loss of backpressure and torque, I thought this would be helpful. I was personally worried about adding my Stromung and losing torque, so this makes me feel a little more comfortable.

For those of us not as fortunate to have a supercharger or turbo, our DME's should adjust after a certain number of miles driven (whatever cycle is programmed into the computer...it measures, measures, measures, and after it's pre-programmed cycle is completed it should adjust).

For those with a supercharger considering an aftermarket exhaust, might want to check with a local BMW tuner shop with Dyno to see if they recommend reprogramming the DME to maxmize performance when adding a freeflow exhaust because Downing Atlanta set up the SC to work with all stock components and maximize torque and HP throughout the entire range. Swapping certain stock components "might" push slightly beyond the standard DME's threshold to make the adjustment. However, I'm just speculating on that topic since I don't have a SC or fully know how everything interacts with the DME when using a SC.

Source: www.uucmotorwerks.com

Destroying a myth.

Some say that "an engine needs backpressure to work correctly." Is this true?

No. It would be more correct to say, "a perfectly stock engine that cannot adjust its fuel delivery needs backpressure to work correctly." This idea is a myth. As with all myths, however, there is a hint of fact with this one. Particularly, some people equate backpressure with torque, and others fear that too little backpressure will lead to valve burning.

The first reason why people say "backpressure is good" is because they believe that increased backpressure by itself will increase torque, particularly with a stock exhaust manifold. Granted, some stock manifolds act somewhat like performance headers at low RPM, but these manifolds will exhibit poor performance at higher RPM. This, however does not automatically lead to the conclusion that backpressure produces more torque. The increase in torque is not due to backpressure, but to the effects of changes in fuel/air mixture, which will be described in more detail below.

The other reason why people say "backpressure is good" is because they hear that cars (or motorcycles) that have had performance exhaust work done to them would then go on to burn exhaust valves. Now, it is true that such valve burning has occurred as a result of the exhaust mods, but it isn't due merely to a lack of backpressure.

The internal combustion engine is a complex, dynamic collection of different systems working together to convert the stored power in gasoline into mechanical energy to push a car down the road. Anytime one of these systems are modified, that mod will also indirectly affect the other systems, as well.

Now, valve burning occurs as a result of a very lean-burning engine. In order to achieve a theoretical optimal combustion, an engine needs 14.7 parts of oxygen by mass to 1 part of gasoline (again, by mass). This is referred to as a stochiometric (chemically correct) mixture, and is commonly referred to as a 14.7:1 mix. If an engine burns with less oxygen present (13:1, 12:1, etc...), it is said to run rich. Conversely, if the engine runs with more oxygen present (16:1, 17:1, etc...), it is said to run lean. Today's engines are designed to run at 14.7:1 for normally cruising, with rich mixtures on acceleration or warm-up, and lean mixtures while decelerating.

Getting back to the discussion, the reason that exhaust valves burn is because the engine is burning lean. Normal engines will tolerate lean burning for a little bit, but not for sustained periods of time. The reason why the engine is burning lean to begin with is that the reduction in backpressure is causing more air to be drawn into the combustion chamber than before. Earlier cars (and motorcycles) with carburetion often could not adjust because of the way that backpressure caused air to flow backwards through the carburetor after the air already got loaded down with fuel, and caused the air to receive a second load of fuel. While a bad design, it was nonetheless used in a lot of vehicles. Once these vehicles received performance mods that reduced backpressure, they no longer had that double-loading effect, and then tended to burn valves because of the resulting over-lean condition. This, incidentally, also provides a basis for the "torque increase" seen if backpressure is maintained. As the fuel/air mixture becomes leaner, the resultant combustion will produce progressively less and less of the force needed to produce torque.

Modern BMWs don't have to worry about the effects described above, because the DME (car's computer) that controls the engine will detect that the engine is burning leaner than before, and will adjust fuel injection to compensate. So, in effect, reducing backpressure really does two good things: The engine can use work otherwise spent pushing exhaust gas out the tailpipe to propel the car forward, and the engine breathes better. Of course, the DME's ability to adjust fuel injection is limited by the physical parameters of the injection system (such as injector maximum flow rate and fuel system pressure), but with exhaust backpressure reduction, these limits won't be reached.

- Adapted from Thomas V.
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Old 09-18-2007, 06:42 PM   #2
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well im glad i read that

good posting!
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Old 09-18-2007, 07:40 PM   #3
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I can also show you dyno test results from a racing team in a Z3 where they lost low end torque when switching to a high flow head/cat/exhaust type of system. The guy was racing miata's and wanted to see if he could make a Z3 outperform a miata in an SCCA pro class. I'll find the link and post it if I can find it again.

You will not get more power and will lose torque on an M42/44 going with high flow headers or an exhaust that is not sized properly for the car if you do not do any other type of tuning to the car. Which is what most people around here want to do. Buy a 150$ header off of ebay and stick it on and forget it. It will not make a Ti accelerate faster from a stop. If you are doing something where you are always at the high end of the revs, say circle track racing, you may want that better flow up top. But for street driveability, it is not the best thing to do. Which is why you usually get the response about losing torque on here.

So while the reason given by people(loss of backpressure) may be wrong, the end result is what really happens. I also think if you ask 5 motor builders you will get 5 different responses.
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Old 09-18-2007, 11:04 PM   #4
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Quote:
Originally Posted by atlanta318ti View Post
Earlier cars (and motorcycles) with carburetion often could not adjust because of the way that backpressure caused air to flow backwards through the carburetor after the air already got loaded down with fuel, and caused the air to receive a second load of fuel. While a bad design, it was nonetheless used in a lot of vehicles. Once these vehicles received performance mods that reduced backpressure, they no longer had that double-loading effect, and then tended to burn valves because of the resulting over-lean condition.
If you're changing any part of the breathing system and not doing a plug chop and re-jetting the carb, you deserve to have your valves burned.

Also, the only reason you're going to get reverse flow through the carb is if your port timing is retarded (literally).
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